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The complex idea of "species" has evolved over time, yet its meaning is far from resolved. This comprehensive work takes a fresh look at an idea central to the field of biology by tracing its history from antiquity to today. John S. Wilkins explores the essentialist view, a staple of logic from Plato and Aristotle through the Middle Ages to fairly recent times, and considers the idea of species in natural history-a concept often connected to reproduction. Tracing "generative conceptions" of species back through Darwin to Epicurus, Wilkins provides a new perspective on the relationship between philosophical and biological approaches to this concept. He also reviews the array of current definitions. Species is a benchmark exploration and clarification of a concept fundamental to the past, present, and future of the natural sciences.
Species --- Speciation (Biology) --- Biology --- Genetics --- Hybridization --- Organisms --- History. --- Philosophy. --- History.. --- aristotle. --- biological approach. --- biological species. --- biologists. --- biology. --- contemporary definition. --- darwin. --- definitions. --- ecology. --- encyclopedic. --- epicurus. --- essentialist. --- evolution. --- evolutionary biology. --- important concepts. --- life sciences. --- middle ages. --- natural history. --- natural sciences. --- nonfiction. --- philosophy and science. --- plato. --- science history. --- science majors. --- scientific concept. --- species and reproduction. --- species concepts. --- species. --- systematics. --- textbooks.
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Cryptography --- Language and languages. --- Philosophy --- Foreign languages --- Languages --- Anthropology --- Communication --- Ethnology --- Information theory --- Meaning (Psychology) --- Philology --- Linguistics --- Language and languages
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This book presents a translation of and detailed commentary on Galen's De alimentorum facultatibus - his major work on the dynamics and kinetics of various foods. It is thus primarily a physiological treatise rather than a materia medica or a work on pathology. Galen commences with a short section on the epistemology of medicine, with a discussion on the attainment, through apodeixis or demonstration, of scientific truth - a discussion which reveals the Aristotelian roots of his thinking. The text then covers a wide range of foods, both common and exotic. Some, such as cereals, legumes, dairy products and the grape, receive an emphasis that reflects their importance at the time; others are treated more cursorily. Dr Powell, an expert in gastroenterology, discusses Galen's terminology and the background to his views on physiology and pathology in his introduction, while John Wilkins' foreword concentrates on the structural and cultural aspects of the work.
Arts and Humanities --- History --- Nutrition --- Galen. --- Alimentation --- Food --- Health --- Physiology --- Diet --- Dietetics --- Digestion --- Food habits --- Malnutrition --- Health aspects --- Aliments --- Early works to 1800. --- Early works to 1800 --- Histoire --- Ouvrages avant 1800 --- Galen
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Galen is the most important medical writer in Graeco-Roman antiquity, and also extremely valuable for understanding Graeco-Roman thought and society in the second century AD. This volume of essays locates him firmly in the intellectual life of his period, and thus aims to make better sense of the medical and philosophical 'world of knowledge' that he tries to create. How did Galen present himself as a reader and an author in comparison with other intellectuals of his day? Above all, how did he fashion himself as a medical practitioner, and how does that self-fashioning relate to the performance culture of second-century Rome? Did he see medicine as taking over some of the traditional roles of philosophy? These and other questions are freshly addressed by leading international experts on Galen and the intellectual life of the period, in a stimulating collection that combines learning with accessibility.
Physicians --- Greek World --- History, Ancient. --- Philosophy, Medical --- Roman World --- Biography. --- Congresses. --- history. --- Galen. --- Ancient history --- Ancient world history --- World history --- Allopathic doctors --- Doctors --- Doctors of medicine --- MDs (Physicians) --- Medical doctors --- Medical profession --- Medical personnel --- Medicine --- Galenus, Claudius. --- Galenus --- Galen, Claudius --- Galenus, Claudius --- Galen, --- Galénos --- Galeno --- Galen, Klavdiĭ --- Galinus --- Galiʼenus --- Galiʼeno --- Galiʼenu --- Galien, --- Galeno, Claudio --- جالينوس --- Γαλῆνος --- Galênós, --- Pseudo-Galenus --- Claudius Galenus --- Galen --- Galien, Claude --- Galeni --- Arts and Humanities --- History --- History, Ancient --- history --- Physicians. --- Galien, Claude (0131?-0201?) --- Critique et interprétation
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La liaison de la nourriture, de la boisson et du spectaculaire caractérise le théâtre depuis l’Antiquité. Le présent ouvrage questionne cette relation à partir de la naissance officielle de la mise en scène en France, à la fin du XIXe siècle et jusqu’à aujourd’hui. Le point de départ et de repère est la France, pays qui a vu naître et a accueilli toutes les grandes évolutions du théâtre moderne et de la gastronomie. Au fur et à mesure, le champ géographique s’élargit pour inclure d’autres pays européens (Russie, Grande-Bretagne, Suède, Allemagne, Suisse, Italie, Espagne, Grèce) ainsi que les pays de l’Amérique du Sud (Venezuela, Colombie) et les États-Unis. Des pièces, des mises en scène et des performances, qui mettent en avant l’alimentation et la cuisine en tant que pratique d’art ou en tant que lieu, sont réunies et analysées.
Gluttony --- Human body --- Food habits --- Gourmandise --- Corps humain --- Habitudes alimentaires --- History --- Social aspects --- Histoire --- Aspect social --- culture --- histoire --- corps --- alimentation --- histoire moderne --- Antiquité --- Moyen-Âge --- histoire contemporaine
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Les banquets civiques grecs participent au fonctionnement politique de la cité classique, communauté de citoyens-banqueteurs. Ce lien entre nourriture et politique, entre alimentation et pouvoir, on le retrouve dans l'ensemble des espaces méditerranéens et proche-orientaux de l'Antiquité, jouant un rôle majeur dans la construction des légitimités. Intervenant aussi dans l'exercice du pouvoir royal, le banquet est un instrument fédérateur, vis-à-vis des sujets, des amis et des alliés. Les banquets des mondes proche-orientaux, grecs, celtes, étrusques et romains sont au cœur de ce livre, non seulement ceux des monarchies, mais aussi ceux des aristocraties, sans oublier les festins des tyrans et les tables impériales, des Perses aux Romains. Manières de table et figures de la commensalité, choix des mets et cadre des festins, tryphè royale et circulation des surplus, sont présentés dans un dialogue entre les espaces, en soulignant les héritages et les ruptures.
Classics --- History --- Sociology --- sociologie --- santé --- alimentation --- histoire contemporaine --- sciences sociales --- enjeux sociaux
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